分析解讀《上海市飲用水水源保護條例》(二)
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在之前的(de)文章中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)我(wo)們(men)為您分析(xi)了關于《上海市飲(yin)用水水源保護條(tiao)例(li)》中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)一些規定(ding)，當然這并不包(bao)括全部(bu)的(de)內容，在今天(tian)的(de)文章中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)我(wo)們(men)將繼續(xu)為您分析(xi)相關的(de)知(zhi)識!
一、強化碼頭(tou)、船(chuan)舶污染防(fang)治
目前本市飲(yin)(yin)用(yong)(yong)(yong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)源(yuan)保(bao)護(hu)區(qu)(qu)和準(zhun)保(bao)護(hu)區(qu)(qu)內(nei)仍設(she)有較(jiao)多(duo)碼(ma)(ma)頭(tou)和含浮吊船。貨物在碼(ma)(ma)頭(tou)裝卸(xie)過程(cheng)中(zhong)，時(shi)常發生散落(luo)(luo)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)體(ti)的現(xian)象(xiang)，特別是危險品(pin)的散落(luo)(luo)將會(hui)嚴重(zhong)污(wu)(wu)染周圍水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)體(ti)，影響(xiang)飲(yin)(yin)用(yong)(yong)(yong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)安全。為了(le)防(fang)止(zhi)(zhi)貨物在碼(ma)(ma)頭(tou)裝卸(xie)過程(cheng)中(zhong)污(wu)(wu)染飲(yin)(yin)用(yong)(yong)(yong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)源(yuan)，2009年12月10日由(you)市人(ren)大常委(wei)會(hui)通過并將于2010年3月1日起(qi)施行(xing)的《上海市飲(yin)(yin)用(yong)(yong)(yong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)源(yuan)保(bao)護(hu)條(tiao)例(li)》(以下簡稱《條(tiao)例(li)》對飲(yin)(yin)用(yong)(yong)(yong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)源(yuan)保(bao)護(hu)區(qu)(qu)內(nei)碼(ma)(ma)頭(tou)的管理作了(le)具(ju)體(ti)規定“飲(yin)(yin)用(yong)(yong)(yong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)源(yuan)二級保(bao)護(hu)區(qu)(qu)和飲(yin)(yin)用(yong)(yong)(yong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)源(yuan)準(zhun)保(bao)護(hu)區(qu)(qu)內(nei)，禁止(zhi)(zhi)新建(jian)、改建(jian)、擴(kuo)建(jian)危險品(pin)裝卸(xie)碼(ma)(ma)頭(tou)。在飲(yin)(yin)用(yong)(yong)(yong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)源(yuan)二級保(bao)護(hu)區(qu)(qu)內(nei)，已經建(jian)成(cheng)的危險品(pin)裝卸(xie)碼(ma)(ma)頭(tou)，由(you)市或(huo)者區(qu)(qu)縣人(ren)民政府責(ze)令限期拆除或(huo)者關閉。”對飲(yin)(yin)用(yong)(yong)(yong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)源(yuan)二級保(bao)護(hu)區(qu)(qu)或(huo)者飲(yin)(yin)用(yong)(yong)(yong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)源(yuan)準(zhun)保(bao)護(hu)區(qu)(qu)范圍內(nei)的碼(ma)(ma)頭(tou)，要求“港口經營單(dan)位應當采取污(wu)(wu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)納(na)管以及防(fang)止(zhi)(zhi)貨物散落(luo)(luo)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)體(ti)等污(wu)(wu)染防(fang)治措(cuo)施”。
另外，黃(huang)浦江、長(chang)江作為本(ben)市航運(yun)的(de)兩大“黃(huang)金水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)道”，航運(yun)功能發(fa)達，危險品貨物(wu)運(yun)輸(shu)(shu)(shu)船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)舶(bo)(bo)較為頻(pin)繁，船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)舶(bo)(bo)運(yun)輸(shu)(shu)(shu)過程中安全事(shi)(shi)故時有(you)發(fa)生，對飲(yin)(yin)用(yong)(yong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)帶來嚴重威脅(xie)。為了(le)減(jian)少船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)舶(bo)(bo)運(yun)輸(shu)(shu)(shu)事(shi)(shi)故對飲(yin)(yin)用(yong)(yong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)的(de)影響，《條(tiao)例(li)》對防(fang)治(zhi)船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)舶(bo)(bo)污染飲(yin)(yin)用(yong)(yong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)問題，根據飲(yin)(yin)用(yong)(yong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)區(qu)(qu)的(de)等級(ji)，分別作出(chu)(chu)禁(jin)止(zhi)通(tong)(tong)行(xing)和限制通(tong)(tong)行(xing)的(de)規定(ding)，并明確了(le)船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)舶(bo)(bo)通(tong)(tong)過飲(yin)(yin)用(yong)(yong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)區(qu)(qu)的(de)具體污染防(fang)治(zhi)要(yao)求(qiu)。考慮到(dao)黃(huang)浦江和長(chang)江屬于水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)上交通(tong)(tong)的(de)重要(yao)通(tong)(tong)道，禁(jin)止(zhi)船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)舶(bo)(bo)在(zai)所有(you)的(de)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)區(qu)(qu)和準保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)區(qu)(qu)內通(tong)(tong)行(xing)尚不具備條(tiao)件，因此，《條(tiao)例(li)》在(zai)保(bao)(bao)證飲(yin)(yin)用(yong)(yong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)安全的(de)同(tong)時，統籌考慮了(le)船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)舶(bo)(bo)運(yun)輸(shu)(shu)(shu)的(de)需要(yao)，將船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)舶(bo)(bo)禁(jin)止(zhi)通(tong)(tong)行(xing)的(de)范圍限定(ding)在(zai)青草沙(sha)、陳行(xing)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)庫(ku)、崇(chong)明東風西沙(sha)飲(yin)(yin)用(yong)(yong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)一(yi)級(ji)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)區(qu)(qu)內。對黃(huang)浦江上游水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)以及其(qi)他飲(yin)(yin)用(yong)(yong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)的(de)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)區(qu)(qu)和準保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)區(qu)(qu)，僅對裝載國家禁(jin)止(zhi)運(yun)輸(shu)(shu)(shu)的(de)危險化學品以及危險廢(fei)物(wu)(除廢(fei)礦物(wu)油以外)的(de)船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)舶(bo)(bo)作出(chu)(chu)禁(jin)止(zhi)通(tong)(tong)行(xing)的(de)規定(ding)。
二、嚴(yan)控畜禽(qin)、水(shui)產養殖活動，限制農(nong)藥、化肥使用
《條例》根據保護(hu)(hu)(hu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)的(de)(de)(de)等(deng)級(ji)對畜(chu)(chu)禽(qin)、水(shui)(shui)產(chan)養(yang)殖(zhi)(zhi)分別作出了禁(jin)止(zhi)性和限制性的(de)(de)(de)規定，除一級(ji)保護(hu)(hu)(hu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)內禁(jin)止(zhi)一切(qie)與水(shui)(shui)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)保護(hu)(hu)(hu)無(wu)關的(de)(de)(de)活動外，二級(ji)保護(hu)(hu)(hu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)內禁(jin)止(zhi)設置畜(chu)(chu)禽(qin)養(yang)殖(zhi)(zhi)場，水(shui)(shui)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)準保護(hu)(hu)(hu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)內禁(jin)止(zhi)新設規模(mo)化畜(chu)(chu)禽(qin)養(yang)殖(zhi)(zhi)場，飲(yin)(yin)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)水(shui)(shui)水(shui)(shui)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)準保護(hu)(hu)(hu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)內現有(you)畜(chu)(chu)禽(qin)養(yang)殖(zhi)(zhi)場應(ying)當實施糞便(bian)生態還田，或者用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)以(yi)生產(chan)沼氣、有(you)機肥料等(deng)，以(yi)減少對水(shui)(shui)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)污染(ran)。同時，在黃浦江上(shang)游(you)飲(yin)(yin)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)水(shui)(shui)水(shui)(shui)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)保護(hu)(hu)(hu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)淀山湖、元(yuan)蕩以(yi)外的(de)(de)(de)二級(ji)保護(hu)(hu)(hu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)以(yi)及飲(yin)(yin)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)水(shui)(shui)水(shui)(shui)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)準保護(hu)(hu)(hu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)內從事(shi)投餌養(yang)殖(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)，養(yang)殖(zhi)(zhi)單位或者個人應(ying)當合理投餌和使用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)藥物，防止(zhi)污染(ran)飲(yin)(yin)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)水(shui)(shui)水(shui)(shui)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)。
針對(dui)當前化肥、農(nong)(nong)藥(yao)的使用(yong)(yong)(yong)對(dui)飲(yin)(yin)用(yong)(yong)(yong)水水源保(bao)護(hu)區(qu)的面(mian)源污染(ran)，《條例》也對(dui)此作(zuo)出了限(xian)制(zhi)性(xing)的規定，要求在飲(yin)(yin)用(yong)(yong)(yong)水水源二級保(bao)護(hu)區(qu)和(he)(he)準(zhun)保(bao)護(hu)區(qu)內從事農(nong)(nong)業種植，應當開展測(ce)土配方(fang)施(shi)肥，使用(yong)(yong)(yong)有機肥料和(he)(he)生物(wu)農(nong)(nong)藥(yao)，減少(shao)使用(yong)(yong)(yong)化肥和(he)(he)化學農(nong)(nong)藥(yao)，防(fang)止污染(ran)飲(yin)(yin)用(yong)(yong)(yong)水水源。
綜上所述我們就可以發現，水污染的治理要從多個方面出發，尤其是各個生產領域的污染治理更是至關重要的，而在這其中高效的水過濾器等(deng)設(she)備(bei)自然也是不能缺少的。
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